% Software Enshittification or Freedom?
% It's not a hard choice!

% Nonfree software subjugates users, and that's bad enough, but it's not
% like it can't get worse.  The easier it is for third parties to impose
% on a user their choice of software version, the more they can twiddle
% the software's behavior to best serve themselves, rather than the
% user, and the more they can enshittify the user's computing.  This is
% true of dominant nonfree operating systems for workstations and
% mobiles, with their mandatory updates, but users are even more
% vulnerable to enshittification using web apps downloaded from third
% parties' servers, relying on SaaSS, or using remotely-controlled IoT
% devices and appliances.  Even when using local software that's not
% updated automatically, users may be misled to install supplier-chosen
% enshittified versions, including CPU microcode and firmware for
% peripheral devices and system initialization.  Is using free software
% enough to escape?


% This is a refreshed take on
% <https://www.fsfla.org/blogs/lxo/draft/blob-fallacy>, coming from the
% now-popular notion of enshittification, namely, a supplier's power to
% attract users to a favorable service, lock them in, and then change
% the deal, Darth Vader style, so as to make the service more favorable
% to the supplier.  Having realized that this threat applies just as
% much to Internet-connected software, and that it extends even to
% software versions that the supplier can only influence distributors
% and users to adopt, I found this would be a good way to show a
% fundamental difference between preloaded software equivalent to a
% hardware circuit, that is basically not subject to enshittification
% and no more objectionable than black-box hardware, and black-box
% firmware loaded by operating systems, though the enshittification
% potential is magnified as third parties get to impose their software
% choices.

% Besides denouncing this risk and showing how the industry has widely
% adopted it, in detriment of users', I wish to point out that even
% nonfree software that cannot be enshittified subjugates users, and
% that using free software for your computing is not quite enough to
% avoid the risk if you fail to defend your freedom, e.g., by doing your
% computing through SaaSS, using web sites controlled by third parties,
% or otherwise allowing third parties to force software updates on you
% or locking you in through your data (secret file formats) or your
% hardware (treacherous computing).


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\begin{slide}

  \myslidemode
  
  \markright{}

  \heading{Software Enshittification or Freedom?}
  \heading{It's not a hard choice!}

  \medskip

  \ShitParms{100pt}{-100pt}
  \parbox{190pt}{
    \begin{center}
      \parbox{73pt}{
        \topic{Alexandre Oliva}
        \topic{lxo on \href{https://jami.net/}{GNU Jami}}
      }\parbox{90pt}{
        \topic{\includegraphics[height=1.3cm]{logo-fsfla.pdf}}
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      \bigskip

      \topic{\urlmailto{oliva@gnu.org}, \urlmailto{lxoliva@fsfla.org}}

      \topic{\url{https://www.fsfla.org/~lxoliva/}}
    \end{center}
  }

  \bigskip
  \bigskip

  % qrencode -t SVG -o unshittify-en-pdf-qr.svg \
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  \parbox{250pt}
  {
    \tiny
    \centerline{Copyright 2024 Alexandre Oliva  (last changed in May 2024)}
    \centerline{This work (minus images) is licensed under the
      \href{http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/}{Creative
        Commons BY-SA 4.0 International} License.}
    \centerline{Images are credited in the \LaTeX\ sources:}
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  \nextpage

  \markright{\textcolor{black}{\ShitParms{2ex}{-2ex} Software Enshittification or Freedom?
      It's not a hard choice!}\hfill\textcolor{black}{Alexandre
      Oliva}\hfill\color{black}}

  \heading{Summary}

  \begin{itemize}
  \item \href{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enshittification}{Enshittification}
    \hfill \parbox{130pt}{\vspace{-13pt}\vbox to 0pt
      {\includegraphics[width=130pt]{everywhere.jpg}}}
    % https://diasporabr.com.br/posts/6260989
    \begin{itemize}
    \item of software
    \item of the web
    \item of ``your'' devices
    \end{itemize}
  \item How to fight back
  \end{itemize}

  \nextpage

  \heading{Enshittification}

  \begin{itemize}
  \item Online services
  \item Lure victims in
    \hfill \hfill \hfill \hfill
    \hfill \parbox{65pt}{\vspace{-100pt}\vbox to 0pt
      {\includegraphics[width=65pt]{honey.jpg}}}
    % https://i.pinimg.com/originals/46/5b/1b/465b1ba1492788aabb03c62ba8b26796.jpg
    \hfill $\Rightarrow$
    \hfill \ShitParms{65pt}{-60pt}
  \item \cemph{Change the deal}
    \hfill \parbox{120pt}{\vspace{40pt}\vbox to 0pt
      {\includegraphics[width=70pt]{darth-vader.jpg}}}
    % https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/starwars/images/4/4b/IMYOURFATHER.jpg/revision/latest
  \item Bait and switch 2.0
  \item Irresistible strategy
  \item How platforms \cemph{die}
  \end{itemize}

  \heading{So nothing to worry about?}
  
  \nextpage

  \heading{Software (industry) enshittification}

  \begin{itemize}
  \item Multi-layer enshittification
    \hfill \parbox{90pt}{\vspace{-50pt}\vbox to 0pt
      {\includegraphics[width=90pt]{off-my-lawn.jpg}}}
    % https://gnusocial.net/conversation/9562944#notice-17387874
    % https://mastodon.uno/@gianmarcogg03/112245845182517431
  \item From obedient machines to...
    \begin{itemize}
    \item Nonfree software,
      builtin \href{https://www.gnu.org/proprietary/}{malware}
      \hfill\Shit\Shit
    \item
      \href{https://www.fsfla.org/anuncio/2023-04-bancarrota#softimp}
      {Imposed} updates (backdoor)
      \hfill\Shit\Shit\Shit
    \item \cemph{Exclusive} app stores
      \hfill\Shit\Shit\Shit\Shit
    \item Remote revocation
      \hfill\Shit\Shit\Shit\Shit\Shit
    \end{itemize}
  \end{itemize}

  \heading{It has intensified over time}

  \nextpage

  \heading{Software (static) enshittification}
  
  \begin{itemize}
  \item Back when users could choose
    \hfill \parbox{80pt}{\vspace{-25pt}\vbox to 0pt
      {\includegraphics[width=80pt]{floppies.jpg}}}
    % https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Floppy_disk_2009_G1.jpg
  \item Offline voluntary upgrades
  \item Users could choose to roll back
  \item New and old versions competed
  \item Needed attractive new features
  \item Upper limit for enshittification
  \end{itemize}

  \heading{Hard to get it worse from under you}

  \nextpage

  \heading{Software (dynamic) enshittification}

  \begin{itemize}
  \item Online imposed updates
  \item No way to roll back
  \item Most enshittifiable (so far)
    \hfill \parbox{100pt}{\vspace{-160pt}\vbox to 0pt
      {\includegraphics[width=100pt]{so-far.jpg}}}
    % https://i.imgflip.com/2/26frsf.jpg
    \medskip
    \begin{itemize}
    \item On your computers:
      \href{https://www.fsfla.org/anuncio/2023-03-TRApps}{TRApps} and
      \cemph{CRAp}ps
    \item Javas\cemph{crap}ped
      \href{https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/wwworst-app-store.html}{WWWorst
        App Store}
    \item Service as a Software Substitute
      (\href{https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html}{SaaSS})
    \end{itemize}
  \end{itemize}

  \nextpage

  \heading{Programmable Devices}

  \begin{itemize}
  \item \SmartIoT\hfill\Shit\Shit\Shit\Shit\Shit\phantom{?}\hbox to 45pt{}
  \item Installable nonfree software (firmware, µcode)
    \begin{itemize}
    \item Auto-installed by OpSys\hfill\Shit\Shit\Shit\Shit\phantom{?}\hbox to 45pt{}
    \item Available in online repo\hfill\Shit\Shit\Shit\phantom{?}\hbox to 45pt{}
    \item From driver disk, download\hfill\Shit\Shit\phantom{?}\hbox to 45pt{}
    \end{itemize}
  \item \href{https://ryf.fsf.org/}{RYF} hardware\hfill
    \parbox{50pt}{\vspace{-170pt}\vbox to 0pt
      {\includegraphics[width=50pt]{assistant.pdf}}}\hbox to -15pt{}
    % Picture by Jason Self.
    \begin{itemize}
    \item With firmware $\equiv$ hardware circuit\hfill\ShitParms{0.6em}{-1.0ex}?\hbox to 45pt{}
    \item Without firmware\hfill\ShitParms{0.2em}{-0ex}\phantom{?}\hbox to 45pt{}
    \end{itemize}

  \end{itemize}

  \nextpage

  \heading{Enshittification cycle}

  \begin{itemize}
  \item Bait
    \hfill \parbox{130pt}{\vspace{-20pt}\vbox to 0pt
      {\includegraphics[width=130pt]{ferris-wheel.jpg}}}
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  \item Dependence
  \item Switch
  \item Extraction
  \item Death?
    % whether or not it dies, it's no longer what attracted users.
  \item Unhappiness
    \hfill \ShitParms{75pt}{-90pt}
  \end{itemize}

  \heading{Break the cycle!}

  \nextpage

  \heading{Software Freedom: Attain}

  \begin{itemize}
  \item Increment it: flush!
    \hfill \parbox{130pt}{\vspace{-35pt}\vbox to 0pt
      {\includegraphics[width=130pt]{flush.jpg}}}
    % https://andrezrv.com/content/uploads/2014/08/loo-flush_2717563b-e1407853798715-1.jpg
    % https://andrezrv.com/2014/08/12/efficiently-flush-rewrite-rules-plugin-activation/
    \begin{itemize}
    \item CRApps, TRApps, WWWRApps, SaaSS
    \item Beware Free-for-somebody-else Software
    \end{itemize}
  \item Disrespectful to boot
  \item Expect enshittification
    \hfill \parbox{40pt}{\vspace{-70pt}\vbox to 0pt
      {\includegraphics[width=40pt]{honey.jpg}}}
    % https://i.pinimg.com/originals/46/5b/1b/465b1ba1492788aabb03c62ba8b26796.jpg
    \hfill $\Rightarrow$
    \hfill \ShitParms{40pt}{-50pt}
  \item Compare accordingly
  \end{itemize}

  \heading{Irresistible strategy, absent freedom}

  \nextpage

  \heading{Software Freedom: Keep}

  \begin{itemize}
  \item Eternal vigilance
    \hfill \parbox{80pt}{\vspace{-25pt}\vbox to 0pt
      {\includegraphics[width=80pt]{flush.jpg}}}
    % https://andrezrv.com/content/uploads/2014/08/loo-flush_2717563b-e1407853798715-1.jpg
    % https://andrezrv.com/2014/08/12/efficiently-flush-rewrite-rules-plugin-activation/
    \hfill \parbox{85pt}{\vspace{-25pt}\vbox to 0pt
      {\includegraphics[width=85pt]{rsflush.jpg}}}
    % Photo: Graeme Main/MOD
    % https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:A_studio_image_of_a_hand_of_playing_cards._MOD_45148377.jpg
  \item Control your computing
    \begin{itemize}
    \item Enshittification or freedom?
    \end{itemize}
  \item Avoid enshittifiable crap
    \hfill \parbox{85pt}{\vspace{-25pt}\vbox to 0pt{\href
        {https://www.fsfla.org/~lxoliva/images/2016-07-Semeares/}
        {\includegraphics[width=85pt]{h-ignucius.png}}}} % mod by Larissa Garcia Oliva
  \item \href{https://libreplanet.org/2024/}{Cultivate} desirable alternatives
    \begin{itemize}
    \item Unregrettable \cemph{backup} plans
    \end{itemize}
    % If you don't have a plan B, you could be forced into an
    % undesirable (enshittifiable) path.  Cultivate desirable
    % alternatives, and help the enshittifiable ones die faster.
  \end{itemize}
  
  \heading{Unshittify your digital life}

  \nextpage

  \heading{Four freedoms a day}
  \vspace{-12pt}
  \heading{keep enshittification away}

  \ShitParms{120pt}{-120pt}
  \hfill\parbox{160pt}{
    \topic{\includegraphics[width=110pt]{logo-fsfla.pdf}}

    \heading{Be (Shit-)Free!}

    \topic{\urlmailto{oliva@gnu.org}, \urlmailto{lxoliva@fsfla.org}}

    \topic{lxo on \href{https://jami.net/}{GNU Jami}}

    \topic{\url{https://www.fsfla.org/~lxoliva/}}

    \heading{Thank you!}

    \vspace{-20pt}
  }

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\end{slide}

\end{document}
